SPC 1300Z Day 1 Outlook
Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0756 AM CDT Mon Apr 04 2022
Valid 041300Z - 051200Z
...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
NORTH TEXAS TO CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...
...SUMMARY...
The greatest concentration of severe thunderstorms should start in
parts of north Texas this afternoon and evening, shifting eastward
toward the lower Mississippi Valley overnight. Damaging wind gusts,
large to very large hail, and tornadoes will be possible.
...Synopsis...
A progressive, upper-air pattern is apparent over much of the CONUS,
with the main perturbation for this forecast being a positively
tilted trough initially from the Four Corners region southwestward
across north-central Baja. This feature should elongate through the
period, as it moves southeastward over northwestern MX and eastward
across the southern Rockies/Plains. By 00Z, the CONUS portion
should extend from central KS across the TX Panhandle to far west
TX, then in the succeeding 12 hour, reach the Ozarks, Arklatex, and
central TX, to near DRT. Convective vorticity generation overnight
may help to strengthen this trough by the end of the period.
Farther southeast, a weak, southern-stream shortwave trough was
apparent in moisture-channel imagery over the east-central Gulf, and
should move over south FL this afternoon.
At the surface, 11Z analysis showed a quasistationary to slow-moving
cold front from northeast/south-central OK to a low between ABI-SPS,
then arching southwestward across the Permian Basin. The low should
migrate slowly/erratically east-northeastward across northwest/
north-central TX to near the Red River by 00Z, then eastward across
southern AR by 12Z tomorrow. The cold front will move southeastward
over northeast/central TX, though its baroclinicity may become
weaker than that resulting from an expanding area of overnight
outflow to its southeast. A marine/warm front drawn across south
TX, near I-10, will become diffuse as it moves northward through
central/north TX today and this evening, ahead of the convective
processes described below.
...North TX to lower Mississippi Valley...
Thunderstorms should develop and increase near the surface low and
front this afternoon, from the Red River region near SPS through
parts of west-central TX, as the mid/upper trough approaches.
Forecast wind profiles suggest some of this convection should evolve
at least briefly into right- and/or left-moving supercells, offering
large to significant/damaging hail, locally severe gusts, and for
any sustained right-movers, a marginal tornado threat.
This activity is expected to shift generally eastward, persist into
the evening, grow upscale, and merge with any foregoing convection
that forms in the (by then) weakly capped warm sector over north-
central TX. The resulting MCS should organize a cold pool and sweep
eastward to east-southeastward across the remainder of
north-central/northeast TX -- including the DFW Metroplex -- then
through the Arklatex to the lower Mississippi Valley by 12Z. The
nighttime convective complex will pose a threat for severe gusts, a
few tornadoes, and sporadic severe hail. Some parts of the MCS may
translate around 50 mph through the Arklatex vicinity while the
boundary layer remains neutrally to at least weakly unstable, with
occasional hurricane-force gusts embedded in associated downbursts,
LEWPs and bows. Accordingly, the main change to this outlook is to
introduce an area of unconditional 10%+ significant-wind
probabilities.
Favorable low-level moisture will continue to advect from the Gulf
and south TX across the outlook area, as fragmented/inconsistent
diurnal heating occurs beneath variable warm-sector cloud cover. By
early evening, a broad field of 60s F surface dew points should
extent into north-central/northeast TX ahead of growing convection.
Late-afternoon/evening MLCAPE values around 1000-1500 J/kg, amidst
effective-shear magnitudes of 45-55 kt, will support storm
organization. Preconvective hodographs should expand through the
evening in north-central/northeast TX, southern AR and northern LA,
as the LLJ strengthens to 45-55 kt. Whether discrete cells or (most
likely) QLCS processes encounter the resulting favorable SRH, they
should pose a tornado threat, along with the broader field of
strong-severe winds produced by the complex. Eastward reach of the
MCS by 12Z is uncertain, largely related to internal cold-pool
dynamics and their superimposition on ambient deep-layer flow.
Convection-allowing model guidance varies on the timing, as is
common in such scenarios. As such, no changes are suggested to the
lateral or eastern rim of the "enhanced" and "slight" areas at this
time.
...Elsewhere in OK/TX...
Thunderstorms north of the outflow boundary and behind the front
today -- mainly over OK and northwest TX -- may produce sporadic,
marginally severe hail. Isolated severe thunderstorms developing
this evening over the Serranias del Burro of northern Coahuila also
may reach nearby parts of south TX, potentially producing large hail
and locally severe winds. The eastward progress of any such
convection crossing the Rio Grande will be limited by MLCINH related
to a combination of the basal EML inversion and nocturnal
near-surface cooling.
...South FL...
Widely scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop inland from
midday through the afternoon -- mainly along sea-breeze boundaries
south of a remnant front. Marginally severe gusts or hail may occur
with the strongest cells. Diurnal heating of a boundary layer
characterized by low 70s F surface dew points and 1.5-1.75-inch PW
will remove MLCINH, while subtle forcing for ascent ahead of the
shortwave trough lessens some stable layers aloft. This all should
yield peak preconvective MLCAPE in the 1500-2000 J/kg range --
locally/briefly higher. Weak low-level winds/shear will keep
hodographs small, and deep shear will me modest as well (effective-
shear magnitudes around 25-35 kt). As such, the main mode should be
multicellular, with convection diminishing markedly in coverage and
intensity around sunset.
..Edwards/Broyles.. 04/04/2022
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